{"id":15663,"date":"2019-03-09T18:38:28","date_gmt":"2019-03-09T18:38:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/threats-cocos-island\/"},"modified":"2019-07-04T00:32:51","modified_gmt":"2019-07-04T00:32:51","slug":"threats-cocos-island","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/threats-cocos-island\/","title":{"rendered":"Threats on Cocos Island"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-parallax-none bg-half hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-equal-height-columns\" style=\"--awb-background-position:right top;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:40px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-background-image:url(&quot;https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/isotipo-faico-celeste-derecha-claro.png&quot;);--awb-background-size:cover;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-one-fourth fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-padding-bottom:20px;--awb-bg-color:#0e67a7;--awb-bg-color-hover:#0e67a7;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;width:25%;width:calc(25% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.25 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h2 class=\"white centered\" style=\"font-size: 165%;\">Cocos Island<\/h2>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-has-icon\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;max-width:60%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#ffffff;border-color:#ffffff;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><span class=\"icon-wrapper\" style=\"border-color:#ffffff;background-color:#0e67a7;font-size:16px;width: 1.75em; height: 1.75em;border-width:1px;padding:1px;margin-top:-0.5px\"><i class=\"fa-info-circle fas\" style=\"font-size: inherit;color:#ffffff;\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#ffffff;border-color:#ffffff;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-widget-area awb-widget-area-element fusion-widget-area-1 fusion-content-widget-area\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#0b5d92;--awb-padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div id=\"nav_menu-3\" class=\"widget widget_nav_menu\"><div class=\"menu-cocos-island-en-container\"><ul id=\"menu-cocos-island-en\" class=\"menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-16481\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16481\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/cocos-island-summary\/\">Cocos Island National Park<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-15923\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15923\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/cocos-island-national-park-creation-location\/\">Creation and Location<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-15508\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15508\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/biodiversity-and-endemic-species-from-cocos-island\/\">Biodiversity and Endemic Species<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-15914\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15914\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/cocos-island-coral-reefs\/\">Coral reefs<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-15509\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15509\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/sea-birds-of-cocos-island\/\">Sea Birds<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-15917\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15917\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/cocos-island-sharks\/\">Sharks<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-15922\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15922\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/cinp-management-plan\/\">General management plan<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-15921\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15921\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/threats-cocos-island\/\">Threats<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-15915\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15915\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/cocos-island-world-heritage\/\">Declarations<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-15919\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15919\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/history-of-cocos-island\/\">History<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-additional-widget-content\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-three-fourth fusion-column-last bg-contained\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:30px;--awb-padding-right:10px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-bg-position:right top;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;width:75%;width:calc(75% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.75 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h2>Threats on Cocos Island<\/h2>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-6 fusion-content-boxes-1 content-boxes-timeline-vertical content-left content-boxes-timeline-layout content-boxes-icon-with-title isla-timeline icon-image-circle fusion-delayed-animation\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#0b5d92;--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-hover-accent-color:#0b5d92;--awb-circle-hover-accent-color:#0b5d92;--awb-item-margin-bottom:40px;\" data-animation-delay=\"350\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-iconcolor:#69c23c;--awb-content-padding-left:100px;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-wrapper-hover-animation-pulsate fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeIn\" data-animationDuration=\"0.25\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\" style=\"margin-top:57px;\"><div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/icon-pesca-ilegal-verde.png\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><h2 class=\"content-box-heading\" style=\"--h2_typography-font-size:23px;line-height:28px;\">1. Illegal fishing and overfishing<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Several key species of the reefs of CINP have global populations that are already depleted, and the effects of fishing anywhere in the world affect the sustainability of these species. Tens of millions of sharks and rays are killed each year due to targeted fishing, as a result of by-catch in fisheries targeting other species or discarded as unwanted bycatch.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"content-box-shortcode-timeline-vertical\" style=\"border-color:#74bd4c;left:55px;top:40px;-webkit-transition-duration: 350ms;animation-duration: 350ms;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-iconcolor:#69c23c;--awb-content-padding-left:100px;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-2 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-wrapper-hover-animation-pulsate fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeIn\" data-animationDuration=\"0.25\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\" style=\"margin-top:57px;\"><div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/icon-cambio-climatico-verde.png\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><h2 class=\"content-box-heading\" style=\"--h2_typography-font-size:23px;line-height:28px;\">2. Climate change and effects of the ENSO phenomenon - El Ni\u00f1o\/La Ni\u00f1a<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">These are long-term climate changes that may be related to global warming and other climate events outside the natural range of variation that can lead to the disappearance of a species or habitat. They cause bleaching and loss of corals, vertical migration of reef species in search of cooler waters, substitution of coverage, or imbalances that threaten the health of the ecosystem.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"content-box-shortcode-timeline-vertical\" style=\"border-color:#74bd4c;left:55px;top:40px;-webkit-transition-duration: 350ms;animation-duration: 350ms;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-iconcolor:#69c23c;--awb-content-padding-left:100px;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-3 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-wrapper-hover-animation-pulsate fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeIn\" data-animationDuration=\"0.25\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\" style=\"margin-top:57px;\"><div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/icon-sedimentacion-verde.png\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><h2 class=\"content-box-heading\" style=\"--h2_typography-font-size:23px;line-height:28px;\">3. Sedimentation<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">It affects the penetration of light and therefore lowers water productivity in the bottom as it covers algae and corals and inhibits growth.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"content-box-shortcode-timeline-vertical\" style=\"border-color:#74bd4c;left:55px;top:40px;-webkit-transition-duration: 350ms;animation-duration: 350ms;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-iconcolor:#69c23c;--awb-content-padding-left:100px;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-4 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-wrapper-hover-animation-pulsate fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeIn\" data-animationDuration=\"0.25\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\" style=\"margin-top:57px;\"><div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/icon-contaminacion-marina-verde.png\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><h2 class=\"content-box-heading\" style=\"--h2_typography-font-size:23px;line-height:28px;\">4. Pollution<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">This comes from wastewater, soapy water, hydrocarbons, and others that are usually associated with the behavior of visitors and island officials. Additionally, plastic waste, mostly caused by ghost fishing, affects the ecosystems of Cocos Island National Park and its surrounding waters. Often, fishing equipment gets broken or lost and ends up entangled in a reef of CINP, causing damage to the resident species of the reef.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"content-box-shortcode-timeline-vertical\" style=\"border-color:#74bd4c;left:55px;top:40px;-webkit-transition-duration: 350ms;animation-duration: 350ms;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-iconcolor:#69c23c;--awb-content-padding-left:100px;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-5 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-wrapper-hover-animation-pulsate fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeIn\" data-animationDuration=\"0.25\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\" style=\"margin-top:57px;\"><div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/icon-introduccion-especies-invasoras-verde.png\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><h2 class=\"content-box-heading\" style=\"--h2_typography-font-size:23px;line-height:28px;\">5. Exotic and\/or invasive species:<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">These are introduced species (terrestrial mammals and flora) that, among other consequences, increase soil erosion and sedimentation in the reefs. In some cases they compete with local fauna and could cause alterations in population structure that affect a whole chain. There are currently 5 species of introduced mammals in CINP (white-tailed deer, wild pig, domestic cat, black rat, and European rat) and at least 100 introduced plant species.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"content-box-shortcode-timeline-vertical\" style=\"border-color:#74bd4c;left:55px;top:40px;-webkit-transition-duration: 350ms;animation-duration: 350ms;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"--awb-backgroundcolor:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-iconcolor:#69c23c;--awb-content-padding-left:100px;\" class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-6 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper link-area-link-icon content-icon-wrapper-yes icon-wrapper-hover-animation-pulsate fusion-animated\" data-animationType=\"fadeIn\" data-animationDuration=\"0.25\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"heading heading-with-icon icon-left\" style=\"margin-top:57px;\"><div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/icon-impacto-verde.png\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><h2 class=\"content-box-heading\" style=\"--h2_typography-font-size:23px;line-height:28px;\">6. Bad tourism practices<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\">\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Mismanaged tourism could cause impacts by provoking changes in the behavior of the marine fauna or cause direct damage through the use of anchors and other bad practices that are harmful to the reefs and their inhabitants.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"content-box-shortcode-timeline-vertical\" style=\"border-color:#74bd4c;left:55px;top:40px;-webkit-transition-duration: 350ms;animation-duration: 350ms;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15663","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15663","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15663"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15663\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15665,"href":"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15663\/revisions\/15665"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cocosisland.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15663"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}